Survey participation: Who submitted, who didn’t

I received a total of 247 survey responses. I removed 57 submissions that had answers that were either gibberish or, more frequently, the same 1-3 word response repeated in each answer field. That left me with 190 remaining submissions to analyze.

The substance of survey-taker comments, either paraphrased or directly quoted, is the "Start on this page" link above, as well as sprinkled throughout the main parts of R2T2 in those blue call-out boxes. Below, i'll summarize a few of their collective responses, as well as the demographic data that responder gave me.

I included a question to make sure i was focusing this website on the right people. I offered a pre-determined list of adults (e.g., parents, teaches, and therapists), as well as an open-ended text box. 167 people answered this question (88% of the total number of survey-takers).

The answers below add up to more than 100% because people could select more than one option:

• Parents/foster parents/guardians: 78% of the 167 respondents answering this question selected this group as one that would benefit from Reflecting Rainbow Tweens & Teens. Survey-takers' other selections are below.
• Teachers: 76%
• School administrators: 70%
• Grandparents: 68%
• Friends’ parents: 63%
• Other relatives: 60%
• Religious leaders: 42%
• Youth group leaders: 41%
• Coaches: 40%
• Any other adults in your life who are important: 38%
• Camp counselors: 38%
• Neighbors: 36%
• None of the above: 2%

The dominance of parents and parent-type figures, teachers, school administrators, relatives, and friends’ parents is not surprising. These are people whom queer and trans young people interact with on a regular basis — sometimes, in the case of parents and teachers, on an hourly or moment-to-moment basis.

For those who selected "Other relatives" or "Any other adults in your life who are important," I asked them to describe whom they had in mind. 83 chose to give more details:

• Aunts/tias: 47% of the 83 respondents answering this question
• Uncles/tios: 43%
• Cousins: 30%
• Siblings: 14%
• Bosses/supervisors/directors: 8%
• Friends: 8%
• Employers: 7%
• Family friends: 7%
• Coworkers: 6%
• Everyone: 6%
• Doctors: 5%
• Extended Family: 4%
• Parent’s significant others: 4%
• Therapists: 4%
• Adult friends: 2%
• Medical professionals: 2%
• Mentors: 2%
• Other relatives/distant relatives: 2%
• Partner’s parents: 2%
• Psychologists: 2%
• Brothers-in-law: 1%
• Parents’ friends: 1%
• People at school: 1%
• Politicians: 1%
• Primas/primos abuelas/abuelos (great cousins): 1%

Again, the prevalence of family at the top of this list isn’t surprising. It hadn’t occurred to me to add supervisors and coworkers to my pre-determined list because i don’t usually think of young people as being employed (oops, sorry, young folx!). I hadn’t thought of including siblings or cousins because this website is designed to help adults. However, in direct response to survey-taker answers, i added website sections specifically for siblings, cousins, and friends.

Below are comments from 21 survey-takers that are not easily reduced to a few words:

• "Other relatives," for me, describes anyone in relation to me that will interact with me or my immediate family regarding anything about me. This includes aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.
• "Any other adults in my life who are important" describes people such as medical professionals who may experience bias or lack of knowledge, especially therapists and psychologists.
• (Considerably) older siblings
• All of my family
• really anyone I have to deal with a lot
• Coworkers and higher ups at work, mostly. I think a lot of work places would benefit from training on pronouns and education on LGBTQ topics and how to treat trans people.
• Coworkers, supervisors, that kind of deal. Not like my current supervisors are a problem, but future ones would probably vibe with it.
• DOCTORS. I've had to explain gender dysphoria to someone I needed a dysphoria diagnosis from!
• Friends that I think of as family/other people
• Friends who are adults and family friends
• I feel like mostly everyone needs some of this especially my family.
• I think everyone in my life and in general could benefit from a website that would help educate them.
• Just anyone who you interact with on the regular or personal basis
• Literally everyone needs to know these stats about youth.
• My entire extended family on both sides is extremely religious. They could use some education on tolerance and supporting queer people.
• My friend who is in college currently and just my uncle, aunts, and cousins as they don't seem the most knowledgeable about LGBTQ stuff.
• my mom's boyfriend. he trys his best but he still has the ideology that queer youth are over sensitive.
• my pseudo family
• My uncle he is gay.
• Quite literally everyone could benefit from resources like these. I dont know any off the top of my head but they would be very helpful to absolutely everyone who knows a queer person.

184 survey-takers out of 190 answered this question (97%). I've linked the words below to the Sexual and Orientation Wiki (or, in several cases, other sources) where was a definition available. Note that not every source or person will define each term identically. But this will give you some sense of what each survey-taker is referring to.

• Bisexual/bi: 24% of the 184 individuals answering this question
• Lesbian: 17%
• Pansexual/pan: 15.2%
• Asexual/asexual spectrum: 14.7%
• Queer: 13%
• Gay: 7%
• Asexual/ace: 5%
• Demisexual: 4%
• Panromantic: 4%
• Questioning: 4%
• Demiromantic: 3%
• Aromantic: 2%
• Demi-/demisexual panromantic: 2%
• Omnisexual: 2%
• Straight/heterosexual: 2%
• Aceflux: 1.6%
• AroAce/aromantic asexual: 1.6%
• Biromantic: 1.6%
• Unlabeled: 1.6%
• Aroace spectrum: 1%
• Aroflux: 1%
• Queer romantic: 1%
• Unsure: 1%
• Abrosexual: 0.5%
• Aroallo: 0.5%
• Bi-curious: 0.5%
• Biromantic: 0.5%
• Bisexual lesbian/bi lesbian: 0.5%
• Gray-aromatic: 0.5%
• Gray aroace: 0.5%
• Homoromantic: 0.5%
• OmniAroAce, or OmniQuoi/OmniNebula: 0.5%
• Polyamorous: 0.5%
• Pomoromantic: 0.5%
• Sapphic: 0.5%
• Toric: 0.5%
• Trans4trans: 0.5%
• Uranic: 0.5%
• Vincian: 0.5%

The fact that no one label had a majority speaks well to the wide variety of sexual identities and labels that are available today — to all of us, even if young people are the ones who are considering them more. The labels that they adopt are complex.

While the list above breaks identities out into distinct categories, the reality is that many survey-takers listed nuanced sexual orientations that combined multiple labels. They are not limiting themselves to just one word. How amazing is that?!

I'm listing those complex responses below. However, in an attempt to remain true to how these youth and younger adults see themselves and their sexual orientations, i'm doing so without standardizing spelling and spacing as i've done other places in this section.

• ace flux/preference for men
• Aroace-flux
• Aroace-flux biromantic
• aroaceflux unlabeled (sometimes wlw)
• Asexual (and bonus! Romantic Affiliation: aromantic)
• Asexual (queer romantic)
• Asexual and panromantic
• Asexual biromantic
• Asexual lesbian
• asexual lesbian, aromantic spectrum
• Asexual, demiromantic, sapphic
• Biromantic asexual
• Biromantic demisexual
• biromantic/panromantic (jury's out on which one it really is) asexual
• Bisexual? Asexual? Lesbian?
• Demi-aroace
• Demi-Pan-Romantic, Demisexual, Polyamorous
• Demi-romantic Pansexual
• Demiromantic Toric Asexual
• Dude I literally have no clue
• Figuring it out, identifying as bisexual for now
• gay lol
• gay mlm (men loving men)
• Gay/lesbian
• Gay/uranic
• Gay/vincian
• Grey aroace
• Heterosexual(attracted to women)/bi-curious questioning
• I don't label my sexuality, but I don’t mind the terms "gay" or "queer"
• I've went back and forth, but I'm either a lesbian or pansexual. I'm just not that into men.
• I'm gay/uranic still deciding in a sense
• Lesbian (non men loving non men) and asexual
• Lesbian aro/ace
• lesbian, demisexual
• Lesbian!
• Lesbian/queer
• neutral (bisexual)
• No label I just love who I want too.
• OmniAroAce
• On the aromantic spectrom biromantic and asexual
• Panromantic demiromantic
• Panromantic demisexual
• Pansexual and on the Aro/Ace Spectrum (unsure where)
• Pansexual/lesbian (still figuring that one out too)
• pansexual/omnisexual to be exact
• Pomoromantic asexual
• Probably gay, but I don't like to say never so queer I guess (also probably asexual and demi romantic)
• Queer (no specific label, I'll say "gay" when asked, sometimes, but "queer" is The Label I Use.)
• queer (questioning?)
• Queer but not sure anymore (having a crisis on if im nwlnw)
• Queer. Mostly lesbian, but somewhat bi.
• Queer/gay
• Queer/lesbian
• Queerromantic & Demi-aroace
• Toric Asexual

This question was answered by 186 survey-takers out of 190 (98% of the total). Where there was a  definition available, i've linked the words below to the Gender Wiki (or, in one case, another gender-related wiki). Note that not every source or person will define each term identically. But this will give you some sense of what each survey taker is referring to.

• Non-binary: 27% of the 186 individuals answering this question
• Gender fluid: 11%
• Female: 9.1%
• Agender: 8.6%
• Transmasc/transmasculine: 8%
• Genderqueer: 7%
• Trans/transgender: 6%
• Demigirl: 5%
• Trans man: 5%
• Cis female/cisgender female: 4%
• Questioning/unsure: 4%
• Trans male: 3.2%
• Woman: 3.2%
• Gender non-conforming: 2.6%
• Male/male-aligned: 2.6%
• Trans woman/transgender woman: 2.2%
• Transgender male: 2.2%
• Cis/cisgender: 1.6%
• Cis woman/cisgender woman: 1.6%
• Demiboy: 1.6%
• Man: 1.6%
• No clue/no idea/idk: 1.6%
• Trans girl: 1.6%
• FTM: 1.08%
• Girl: 1.08%
• Trans boy: 1.08%
• Transfemme: 1.08%
• AFAB: 0.5%
• Agenderfluix: 0.5%
• Autigendersylphen*: 0.5%
• Bigender: 0.5%
• Boy: 0.5%
• Dude: 0.5%
• Enby: 0.5% (See also these important comments on the use of "enby" over "nb.")
• Fluidflux: 0.5%
• Genderfluidflux: 0.5%
• Genderqueer woman: 0.5%
• Glitchgender: 0.5%
• Guy: 0.5%
• Intergender: 0.5%
• Multigender: 0.5%
• Person: 0.5%
• Polygender: 0.5%
• Staticgender: 0.5%
• Trans guy: 0.5%
• Trans person: 0.5%
• Transmasculine guyflux: 0.5%
• Transsexual: 0.5%

* Autigendersylphen is a combination of Autigender and Gendersylphen. Text below in red is from the survey-taker who uses "Autigendersylphen" to describe their gender. Black text is pulled from the linked wiki definitions.

Autigender is defined as "a neurogender which can only be understood in the context of being autistic, or when one's autism greatly affects one's gender and/or how one experiences gender. Autigender is not autism as a gender, but rather describes an experience of gender that is so heavily influenced by being autistic that one's autistic identity and one's experience of gender cannot be unlinked.." "For me this looks like a few things. The first, and most prominent, is because gender is a social construct, and autistic people (including myself) regularly struggle with social constructs, I sometimes have a hard time understanding and identifying my gender (or gender in general). The other main way this shows up, is my gender tends to relate a lot to whatever my main special interest is at the time (typically in a xenogender way)."

Gendersylphen is defined as "a form of genderfluidity in which someone is fluid exclusively (or nearly exclusively) between xenogenders or otherwise uncommon identities, masculine, and feminine genders. Someone who is gendersylphen would never identify as a binary woman or as a binary man." "Basically this means my gender changes commonly into rarer genders, but it could be into anything besides binary man and binary woman."

"So together, Autigendersylphen means my gender is fluid between anything except male & female, though commonly uncommon genders, and is affected by my autism."

The fact that no one label had a majority speaks well to the wide variety of gender identities and labels that are available today — to all of us, even if young people are the ones who are considering them more. The labels that tweens and teens adopt are complex.

While the list above breaks identities out into distinct categories, the reality is that many survey-takers listed nuanced gender identities that combined multiple labels. They are not limiting themselves to just one word. How amazing is that?!

I'm listing those more complex responses below. Note that, in an attempt to remain true to how these youth and younger adults see themselves and their gender identities, i'm doing so without standardizing spelling and spacing as i've done in other parts of this website.

• Autigendersylphen (I also use Nonbinary or Genderfluid depending on the community)
  
  • [See above for an explanation of this gender identity.]
• Cisgender with a side of whimsy
• Demi-boy (fluid between man and non-binary)
• Demiboy: my gender is partially male and partially nonbinary.
• Demigirl (AFAB)
• female ish mostly!
• Gender fluid nonbinary
• Gender questioning
• Genderfluid (I also call myself nonbinary and trans)
• Genderfluid(?) Still questionning, but female and non binary
• Genderfluid/transfemme/trans woman (still figuring that one out)
• I don't label my gender, but I don't mind the term "trans"
• I don't limit myself to one label, however some I use are: Transgender, genderqueer, non-binary, and gender-fluid.
• I dont have a label, but i use they/them pronouns for now
• It's complicated... Agender/Demi-girl
• lmao you think i know? no but actually i dont care to label it, it's a complex mixture of aesthetic and experiential distinctions i cant describe briefly.
• Male-aligned transmasc non-binary trans person
• No idea haha
• Non binary trans girl
• Non-binary (in the sense of being neither male or female, I don't fully identify with that label)
• non-binary transgender
• Non-binary transmasc
• Non-binary/Gender Fluid
• Nonbinary but masculine? I usually say nonbinary trans masc
• Nonbinary transmasculine
• Nonbinary, agenderfluix
• Nonbinary, gender fluid
• Nonbinary/Genderqueer
• Nonbinary/trans woman
• Poly gender questioning
• trans (ftm)
• Trans boy/nonbinary
• Trans femme man
• (Trans) man
• Trans Man / Non-binary
• trans masc agender
• Trans/Nonbinary/Agender/Genderqueer (I accept all of these labels when being referred to)
• Transgender and gender-fluid
• Transgender binary man
• Transmasc Non-binary
• transmasculine agender intergender (sometimes demigirl)
• Transsexual (I feel this describes me better, and I also just enjoy the way it sounds and the historical context), man/boy/dude/guy/etc., but also genderqueer (just slightly to the left of what "man" is, I'd say)

Young queer and trans folx, especially trans ones, are offering us adults new ways of thinking about gender identity.

186 survey-takers out of 190 (98%) supplied the pronouns they use.

• They/them/theirs: 54% of the 186 individuals answering this question
• She/her/hers: 37%
• He/him/his: 36%
• Any: 7%
• It/it/its: 4%
• Fae/Faer/Faers: 2.2%
• Neopronouns: 2.2%
• Xe/xem/xyr: 2.2%
• All: 1%
• No preference: 1%
• Unsure: 1%
• Ze/zem/zeir: 1%
• Ask me: 0.5%
• Astro/astros/astros: 0.5%
• Bat/bats/bats: 0.5%
• Dehuman pronouns: 0.5%
• Ey/em/eirs: 0.5%
• Mu/mur/mur: 0.5%
• Xenopronouns: 0.5%
• Ze/zed/zeta: 0.5%
• þau: 0.5%
• 🌌/🌌s/🌌self: 0.5%

The fact that only one set of pronouns, "they/them/theirs," had over 50% speaks well to the wide variety of pronouns that are available today.

It's interesting that that majority pronoun set is one that is both incredibly widely used among English speakers in the US and a point of contention over its "grammatical correctness." That "they/them/theirs" was claimed by survey-takers many more times than the next-commonly used pronouns (she/her/hers at 37% and he/him/his at 36%) is evidence of how widely and intentionally used this pronoun set has become. That includes by this website creator, who tried "ze/hir/hirs" for well over a decade but eventually gave up because almost no one else was using it.

The remainder of the list above is mostly sets of nonstandard pronouns that may irk people significantly more than "they/them/theirs" — including, in some cases, me. It is a reminder that all language is artificial and that no words come down from "on high;” everything is created by people, either slowly over decades/centuries or quickly by human ingenuity.   

As with the sections above on sexual orientations and gender identities, the labels that young people adopt are complex. While the list immediately above breaks pronouns out into distinct categories, the reality is that many survey-takers listed multiple pronouns. I'm including those combinations below. Note that i have not included any duplication. For instance, if one set of people said they use "she/they" and another said they use "they/she," i've kept only the latter.

• Any (I really like fae/faer/faers)
• Any (she/they mostly)
• Any pronouns including Neo-pronouns
• Any! I do get a lot of she/her though so I appreciate when people mix them up.
• Changes (usually she/her, they/them)
• Depending on the day but i accept it/its or any neopronouns/xenopronouns everyday.
• He/him, they/them, ey/em/eirs
• He/they/it
• He/xe/fae/þau/bats
• I don't really care although people defalt to she/her.
• It/He (They/Them is fine too)
• Neo or he/him/they/them
• Pronounfluid, often go by: Mu/Mur, They/Them, Zey/Zem
• she/any
• She/fae
• She/her (though any are fine)
• She/her, it/its (she/it)
• she/her, they/them, fae/faer
• She/her/he/him
• they/ask
• they/he, but any if I have deemed it safe for me to go by any
• They/he/she
• they/she
• they/them (he+ze)
• They/them or neopronouns if desired
• They/them or they/he (it/its for only close people so don't use these)
• They/them, xe/xem, 🌌/🌌s/🌌self (astro/astros/astroself), & dehuman pronouns
• they/them...? (I'm still figuring it out - I apologize ;-;)
• They/them/he
• They/they xe/xem
• xe/they
• Xe/zed they/them/it

176 survey-takers out of 190 reported their race and/or ethnicity (93% of all respondents).

• White/caucasian: 78% of the 176 individuals answering this question
• Latina/Latino/Latinx/Latine/Hispanic: 13%
• Biracial: 12%
• Asian or Asian-American: 7%
• Jewish/Israeli: 4%
• African American/African/Black: 3%
• American Indian/Native American/Mesoamerican: 3%
• Middle Eastern: 1%
• Multiracial: 0.5%

As with the demographics sections above, the labels that young people adopt are complex. While the list immediately above breaks race and ethnicity into distinct categories, the reality is that many survey-takers listed multiple words for this question.

I'm including those combinations below and have maintained the capitalization, spacing, and spelling that survey-takers used. Note that i have not included any duplication. For instance, if one set of people reported being "white and Filipino" and another used "Filipino and white," i've kept only the latter.

• Afro Latino Hispanic
• Ashkenazi Jew
• Asian (Chinese)
• Austrian/Native American
• Biracial (Japanese/White)
• black, Blackfoot/Cherokee Indian
• Caucasian American
• caucasian as they come
• Caucasian, ethnically Jewish
• Chinese
• Chinese American
• East Asian
• European-American (White)
• Filipino and White
• filipino, indian
• Filipino!
• Half Irish/German, half Japanese
• Hispanic ( Cuban )
• hispanic-american
• Hispanic, Meso American
• I am technically african american and white. That being said I am light skinned.
• idk honestly but i look white. maybe irish?
• Latine/White
• Latino, Puerto Rican
• Latino/mexico
• mestize mexican dominican american
• Mexican, cuban
• middle eastern / north african
• Mixed white and Hispanic
• mixed, black and Irish. i'm adopted also
• Native American/White
• Scottish/american
• Vietnamese (internationally)
• Vietnamese American
• white / jewish
• White and irish and greek orgin
• white non hispanic
• white, ashkenazi jewish
• White, European decent
• White, Ukrainian and Italian
• White/Hispanic
• White/latina
• White/Persian

I'm disappointed, although not terribly surprised, that my survey-takers ended up being so heavily white, despite me having put together an outreach list heavily geared toward BIPOC schools. However, two of the four university categories i used, those for Latine students and for AAPI students, weren't as "targeted" as the schools for Black, and Native students (see that section, linked earlier in this paragraph for a detailed explanation). The former schools likely still have a majority of white students.

So while my outreach was more likely to reach Latine and AAPI students at those schools than at other universities in the US, that was less of a guarantee that when i wrote to HBCUs and TCUs, when i was certain to reach almost exclusively Black and Native students, respectively. Even for that latter pair, however, my outreach didn't work as well as i would have liked, with only 3% of survey-takers being Black or Native American.

According to USA Facts, the 2021 racial and ethnic breakdown in the US was as follows, with a comparison to overall US college student enrollment and my survey sample. (Note that the table below renders best in laptop or desktop formats.)

Race (Categories used in my survey that coincide with those used by USA Facts and the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center)	Overall proportion of US population (USA Facts)	College student enrollment (National Student Clearinghouse Research Center)	My survey
White/caucasian	59.3%	42.3%	78% + 5% Jewish/Israeli/Middle Eastern = 83%
Latina/Latino/Latinx/Latine/Hispanic	18.9%	17.4%	13%
African American/African/Black	12.6%	10.6%	3%
Asian or Asian-American	5.9%	5.8%	7%
Multiracial	2.3%	Not on NSCRC’s chart	12.5%
American Indian/Alaska Native/Mesoamerican	0.7%	0.7%	3%
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander	0.2%	Not on NSCRC’s chart	0%

The only groups i did better at reaching than the US population as a whole were with Asians or Asian Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and multiracial folx; every other BIPOC category was underrepresented in my sample, while whites were grossly overrepresented. This despite the fact that college enrollment for BIPOC students runs not too far off from their representation overall in the US (see this chart, also used above).

181 survey-takers out of 190 gave their ages (95%).

• 12 years old: 1% of the 181 individuals answering this question
• 13 years old: 5%
• 14 years old: 7%
• 15 years old: 6%
• 16 years old: 17%
• 17 years old: 15%
• 18 years old: 13%
• 19 years old: 8%
• 20 years old: 8%
• 21 years old: 7%
• 22 years old: 3%
• 23 years old: 4%
• 24 years old: 3%
• 25 years old: 2%

Unlike the other demographic questions i asked, this one is pretty cut & dried. I'll note that I was hoping to get more younger folx responding, both in the sense of more 13-15 year-olds and more 12 years old and below — those tweens who are a focus of this website. Tweens likely would have needed adult help to complete the survey — and possibly even to hear about it, which made me reaching them unlikely.

176 participants out of 190 answered this question (92%). Two respondents listed both a home state and a state where they were in college. In those cases, i've gone with the state where they were in school since that's likely where they would have been when they completed the survey.

I've left the states below in alphabetical order, not by percentage of respondents, so it's easier to find any particular state. I've also inserted below each state any additional comments that survey-takers might have made about where they live. (If you're unfamiliar with land acknowledgments, you'll see several of them below. I've added the links that describe each noted Native group.)

1. Alabama: 0.6% of the 176 participants answering this question
2. Alaska: 2.2%
   
   • "Dena'ina lands"
3. Arizona: 2.8%
4. California: 7.4%
5. Colorado: 2.2%
   
   • From the UK
6. Florida: 4.5%
   
   • "(save me lol)"
7. Georgia: 1.1%
8. Hawai'i: 0.6%
9. Idaho: 2.2%
10. Illinois: 6.8%
11. Indiana: 2.8%
12. Kansas: 1.7%
13. Kentucky: 1.7%
14. Louisiana: 1.1%
15. Maryland: 1.7%
16. Massachusetts: 5.7%
    
    • "(Nonotuck/algonquian land)"
17. Michigan: 1.7%
18. Minnesota: 4%
19. Missouri: 3.4%
20. Nevada: 1.7%
21. New Hampshire: 1.1%
22. New Mexico: 2.8%
    
    • "I've heard this is occupied Tiwa land."
23. New Jersey: 0.6%
24. New York: 2.8%
25. North Carolina: 1.7%
26. Ohio: 1.1%
27. Oregon: 1.1%
28. Pennsylvania: 1.1%
29. South Carolina: 0.6%
30. Texas: 5.7%
31. Utah: 11.3%
32. Vermont: 2.2%
    
    • "born - egypt"
33. Virginia: 1.7%
34. Wisconsin: 4%

Other responses:

1. Midwestern U.S.: 0.6%
2. Abenaki land (which spans 5 states: Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, and New York): 0.6%
3. US/United States/United States of America: 4.5%

For a small project/survey without an outreach budget to get responses from 34 out of 50 states is not bad at all.

Extra kudos to Utah for the very strong showing: 20 survey-takers, more than any other state! You're followed by California, Illinois, Massachusetts, and Texas for ten or more respondents each.

Breaking these states up to the same categories used in the section on outreach to community-based organizations, we end up with the following regional participation numbers:

• Midwest: 10 states
• Mountain West: 5 states
• New England: 7 states
• Pacific: 4 states
• South: 10 states
• Territories: 0 territories

The US territories are the disappointment in this bunch. But there aren't many universities in most of them, and i could find no more than 3 community-based organizations in any and some seem to have none at all. Additionally, folx living there may be less inclined to see themselves as a full part of the United States and/or to have very negative opinions about this country, either one of which could make them less likely to participate in a survey from another person in the US.